scratch
[skrætʃ]
v.抓, 搔（痒）, 划破, 划掉
n.抓痕, 乱写,抓的声音, 起跑线
adj.无让步的
例句与用法：
That cat scratches.
那只猫会抓伤人。
The famine is so bad, aid can only scratch the surface.
饥荒十分严重，援助也只是杯水车薪。
The monkey scratched about in its mate's fur for fleas.
那只猴子在另一只猴子身上找跳蚤。
He scratched his name on the wall with a knife.
他用一把小刀把自己的名字刻在墙上。
Somebody has scratched his name off the list.
有人已经把他的名字从名单上划去了。
The recording was spoiled by scratches.
录音被沙沙声破坏了。
词形变化：
名词: scratcher | 动词过去式: scratched | 动词过去分词: scratched | 动词现在分词: scratching | 动词第三人称单数: scratches |
详细释义：
vt.
1. 抓; 搔
He pretended to scratch his ear.
他假装搔耳朵。
2. 抓破, 划破; 抓伤, 划伤
His arms were scratched by thorns.
他的手臂被荆棘划破了。
3. (用爪子等)扒出, 挖出[(+out)]
The cat scratched a hole in the ground.
猫在地上扒了一个洞。
4. 擦; 刮
We scratched the paint off the wall.
我们刮掉了墙上的油漆。
5. 勾掉; 删去; 取消[(+off/out)]
His name was scratched from the list.
他的名字被从名单上划掉了。
6. 潦草地涂写; 乱划
He scratched a note and put it on her desk.
他草草写了一张字条放在她书桌上。
7. 划出, 刻出; 划掉, 刮掉[O]
He scratched his name on the bridge with a knife.
他用刀子将自己的名字刻在桥上。
8. (辛苦地)凑(钱)[(+up/together)]
vi.
1. 抓; 搔
The cat scratches.
这猫要抓人。
2. 作刮擦声
A dog scratched at the door to be let in.
狗嚓嚓地抓门要想进来。
3. 退出比赛; 未能践约
4. 勉强糊口[(+along)]
n.
1. 抓痕; 擦伤[C]
He fell into a thorn bush and was covered with scratches.
他跌入荆棘丛, 弄得伤痕累累。
2. 刮擦声[C]
He heard the scratch of a match.
他听到划火柴的声音。
3. 乱涂; 乱划[C]
4. 【牌】零分[U]
5. 起跑线[U]
6. (竞赛等的)弃权者[C]
7. 【美】【俚】钱[U]
a.[Z][B]
1. 碰巧的, 偶然的
2. 凑合的, 匆匆组成的
Theirs is a scratch team and did not expect to win the game.
他们是临时组建的球队, 没有期望赢得这场比赛。
3. 打草稿用的
短语词组：
from scratch
1. 从头做起
We had to start again from scratch.
我们必须再从头开始。
up to scratch
1. 达到标准
The piano player was not feeling well and his performance wasn't up to scratch.
这位钢琴演奏者身体不舒服, 他的演奏没达到平日的水平。