from scratch
1. 从头做起
We had to start again from scratch.
我们必须再从头开始。
up to scratch
1. 达到标准
The piano player was not feeling well and his performance wasn't up to scratch.
这位钢琴演奏者身体不舒服, 他的演奏没达到平日的水平。
习惯用语a scratch of the pen1.大笔一挥; 匆促而随便写的几个字; 签名bring sb. (up) to the scratch1.使某人坚决行动起来, 使某人下定决心by the scratch of a pen1.动一动笔, 签一个字come (up) to the scratch1.【体】站在拳击开始线上; 站到起跑线上2.准备好动手干; 决定采取行动3.符合要求, 达到标准4.遵守规则; 践约from scratch1.从零开始; 从无到有; 白手起家If you'll scratch my back, I'll scratch yours.1.如果你帮助我, 我也会帮助你的; 投桃报李no great scratch [shakes, things, shucks]1.[俚] 没有什么了不起; 平常得很Old S-1.魔鬼on scratch1.准时, 正点on the scratch1.在起步线上; 没有让步地start from scratch1.从起始开始, 从零开始2.从头做起, 白手起家toe a [the] scratch1.站在起跑线上; 准备采取行动up to scratch1.【体】站在起跑线上; 准备起跑; 合格, 称职; (健康)处于良好状态without a scratch1.丝毫未受伤; 安然无恙scratch about1.竭力搜寻, 到处挖掘scratch along1.凑合着过日子scratch for oneself1.关心自己的利益scratch out1.把...划掉特殊用法cat scratch1.抓痕(玻璃表面缺陷)chip scratch1.(磨面上的)屑痕fine scratch1.轻划伤(平板玻璃抛光缺陷)guide scratch1.伤痕hair scratch1.毛状刮纹, 毛状痕迹(玻璃缺陷)handling scratch1.装运(时)擦伤hide scratch1.生皮划线needle scratch1.唱针[放唱]噪声pick blade scratch1.刮刀痕roller scratch1.辊子印痕(平板玻璃缺陷)